Apparatus for treating materials



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APPARATUS FOR TREAT'ING MATERIALS Filed Aug. 18, 1926 12 Sheets-Sheet 7 KCL April 15, 1930. L .S PFOUTS 1,755,021

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APPARATUS FOR TREATING MATERIALS Filed Aug. 18. 192e 12 sheets-sheet l12 Patented Apr. 15, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LEROY s. Prours, or CANTON, ori'io; .ionic s. Pronfrs ADMINISTRATRIX OF SAID LnnoY s. ier-'ours :oncnasnn f i APARATUS TREATNG vLVIALERIAI'S Application filed August 18, 1926. Serial No. 129,980.

This invention relates to an appa `atus for treating materials, moi'e particularly where the materials h'ave to be agitated for one or more purposes, foi' example to effect a relatively quick exchange of heat throughout the entire .mass of material.` or to effect a whipping of air or an inert gas into the material or for mixture of the different materials. I have applied my invention to the making of frozen products, including ice cream, ices,

sherbets and the like, from suitable materials such as cream, sugar and a flavoring.

In the making of ice cream and other like products in large quantities the manufacturer has demanded (a) a freezer and a driving mechanism therefor which was relatively simple and durable, required minimum power and could be adequately7 lubricated without danger of the lubricant leaking into the materials to be treated and (b) a freezer of larger size, whereby he might freeze larger batches of material and thus increase the total output. In increasing the size of the freezer to take larger masses of materials to be frozen in successive batches, diiiiculty has been experienced in securing suflicient whipping action upon the mass of material to secure the desired swell and larger size motors have been required to operate the agitating and scraping mechanism within the freezing cylinder, on account of the increased size of this mechanism and the resistance of the material thereto.

One object of the invention is to overcome these conditions or disadvantages by the provision of an improved driving means, whereby durability is insured, cost of operation `is materially reduced and greater power for operating on large masses of material results.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved gearing for driving the members of a combined agitating and scraping mechanism in opposite directions at any desired speed ratio.

Another obj ect of the invention is to provide in an apparatus of this character having a gear driving mechanism, improved means for preventing the flow of the lubricant into the freezing cylinder where it will become mixed with the material to be frozen.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved scraping1 and agitating mechanism, whereby a relatively large mass of material may be treated in a short period of time.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention relates from the following descrip-- tion taken in connection with the accompanyinal drawings, wherein y Fig. l is a side elevation of an apparatus embodying my invention (the upper portion of the lift mechanism being broken away).

Fig. 2`is a fragmentary longitudinal section through the freezing cylinder and showing theagitating and scraping` mechanism partly in elevation and partly in section.

Figs. 3 and 4 are sections on the lines and 4 4, respectively of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a front elevation showing the front head removed, said head being supported at one side of by the lift mechanism.

6 is a section on the line 6- -G of Fig. 7.

Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 6.

8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 9 and illustrating a different form of the drivina means.

9 is a section on the line Qui) of Fig. 8.

Fig. l() is a section on the line lO-lO'of Fig. 11 and showing` a further modification of the driving means.

Fig. 1l is a section on the line 111l of Fig. l0. v

F 12 is a fragmentary detail section.

Fig. 13 is a section on the line 13-13 of Fig. 12. l

Fig 11i is a section on the line 14-14 of F ig. l5 and showing a further modification of the driving means.

Fig 15 is a section oii the line l5-l5 of Fig. lll.- y

In the drawings, l indicates a base or support preferably having seats 2, 2n, 2", the surfmaces of which may be in the same plane. ihe seat 2a supports a casing 8, which encloses a driving means, indicated as an entirety at Zl; the seats 2a, 2b, support brackets or standard 5, 5, which in turn support the freezer casing, indicated ais an entirety at G. The casing o comprises a cylinder 7 connected at its rear end to a head 8 and at its front end to a ring 9, on which is removably mounted a front head 10. The ring 9 and bracket 5aL may be formed integrally (see Fig. 2). The head 10 and ring 9 have ground seats, whereby a liquid tight -joint results -when the head 10 is clamped in position, as shown in Fig. 2. The clampin means may comprise bolts lvl each pivoted l tween lugs 9 on the ring 9 and carrying a thumb-nut at its outer end to engage spaced lugs 10'* on the head. In casting the head 10, its wai is shaped and constructed as follows: 12 indicates an opening formed in its lower portion. .l he opening 12 has a flange 12 the edge of which serves as a'seat fora valve lpreferably pivoted on the head and operated by a handle 14,'the closing movement of the valve 13 being limited 'by a 'lug 14. 15 indicates an inlet for the material or materials (for example, cream, sugar and a suitable flavoring or a mix of these and otherfood ingredients'well known in the art). The inlet 15 is shown as having branches 15, 15 (see Fig. 5), which lead downwardly to either side of a verticalplane cuttingthe axis of the vhead 10. The walls forming" the inlet 15 and branches 15* extend upward andterminate in a duct or conduit 16, to Whichthe materials are delivered, as will later appear. 17 indicates a threaded opening disposed axially of the head 10-and supporting afhollo'w member 18, closed at its outer end and threaded at its inner end into the opening 17 The member 18 serves as a-beari for the outer end of a shaft 19, which constatutes a part of van agit-ating and scraping .mechanism indicated as an entirety at 20. .Fromthedrawings it `will be noted that I have shown a horizontal type of freezer, as this is the type of freezer more generally in use. Where the freezer casing is arranged in this manner, the agitating and scraping mechanism includes one or more material e'ecting elements 21 `(four being shown in igs.'3 and 4 and three being shown in Fig. 5), which-in addition to their function of e]ecting the frozen mass through the` opening 12, upon the opening of the valve .13 at the end of the freezing operation-assist in agitating and whipping the material during the freezlng operation, that is, by reason 'of their arrangment and shape, they move the mate rial a ut the axis of the freezer-casing and also endwise thereof. The agitating and scraping mechanism 20 comprises an inner member 20* and `outer member 20", which members preferably rotate in opposite directions. The inner member 20 comprises the shaft 19 (already referred to) provided with radial Ypaddles 22 spaced along its central portion and on diametrical opposite sides of the shaft and armsl23 exten-ding from the shaft 19 beyond' the paddles 22 and disposed at right angles thereto and carrying a plu- Tality'ofwhippingelements 24, 25, the latter consisting of relatively wide strips arranged to move in a circular path within and closely adjacent to that described by the Scrapers 26 and ejecting elements 21. The arms 23 are preferably curved rearwardly, that is, away from the direction in which they move (namely, counter-clockwise viewed in Fig. 5), so that the strips 25 will tend to move the material outwardly, for which purpose the strips 25 are inclined, inwardly and downwardly, as shown, rather than disposed radially. The shaft 19 may be formed in sections, to wit, a center section 19"- formed at its opposite ends with sockets 19b into which are fitted and rigidly securedy (as by tapered pins 19) sections 19C, 19C', the former extending through an axial opening 2T in the head 8 and connected to and driven by the driving means 4, as will later be set forth, and the latter fitting the bearing member 18 as already described. The arms 23 may be forn'ied integrally with collars 23"* and the latter fixed to'the shaft-by a tapered pin 23" (Figf2). The outer member 20" comprises spiders 28, 29, having collars 28, 29a, respectively, disposed'between the arms and heads 8, 10, for reasons which will later appear. Collar 28' is keyed at 28b lto the inner end of a sleeve shaft 3() loosely mounted on the shaft section 19c (see'Fig. 2a) and-extending through the fr opening 27 for-connection with the driving means 4, as will 'later appear. 'ihe spider 28 comprises four arms Bhe-.tch bifurcated at its outer end, as shown at 31, Sib, whereas the spider' 29 comprises eight arms Each bifurcation .31a is aligned with one of the Varms 32 and connected thereto by a. rod 32 on which is swingably mounted a scraping blade 26 (already referred to), each blade being mounted on or secured near its ends to lugs 26a having collars which loosely surround the adjacent rod 33 indicate lugs on the inner sides of the arms 31 and 32 arranged to be engaged by thelugs 26hl to limit the inward movement of the blades Each bifurcation 31" is connected with one of the remain- `ing arms 32 by an'ejecting device 21,which nular boss 27" having an enlarged inner portion for a packing gland 3.

indicates as an entirety means surrounding the cylinder 7 for causing a change of temperature of the material to be treated there within, such means in the present disclosure being capable of etfectinga lowering of the -temperature of the materials. The

refrigerating means `may be of the type wherein a suitable gas is expanded within a chamber surrounding the cylinder 7, but as shown in the drawings the means 34 is constructed to effect the flow of a refrigerant,

such as brine. In the preferred arrangement, I. surround the cylinder 7 with a jacket 36 having corrugations which extend'sjnirally and co-operate with the cylinder 7 to form a brine conduit .36a having an inlet to which the supply pipe 37 is connected and an outlet to which the discharge pipe 38 is connected. 39 indicates a return pipe leading from the pipe 37 to the pipe 38. 40 is a valve for controlling the flow of the refrigerant from the pipe 37 t-o the inlet or to thepipe 39. 41 indicates a casing surrounding the refrigerating means 35, being connected at its opposite ends to the head 8 and ring 9 and disposed in spaced relation to the jacket 36 to form a 'dead air space or chamber for suitable insulating material.

42 indicates a batch tank, preferably supported by legs 42a on the casing 41. The front end of the tank is connected by a conduit with the inlet 15, whereby the material placed in the tank may flow into the cylinder 7, such flow being controlled by a valve 43. The walls ofthe conduit are shaped to form a seat for a rotary hollow `member 44 of funnel shape terminating at its upperend in a casing 44"t having a cover 44h. The side wall of the hollow member is formed with a port which cuts off or permits flow ofthe material through the conduit, accordingly as the hollow member is rotated by the handle 44. By

removing the cover 441, fiavoring material suoli as crushed fruitmay be supplied to the cylinder 7 at any time during the freezing operation. Vrlhe combined inlet and `valve just described is fully disclosed and claimed in Letters Patent No. 1,189,620 granted to me, The casing 3 is of suitable shape and size to accommodate the driving means 4 to be later described. The casing 3 comprises a lower section 3, an upper section 3b and a cover or top 3, these sections being secured together by cap screws 45.

The sections 3a, 3b, preferably abut in a horizontal plane cutting the axis of the driven shafts 46, 47 (the latter consisting of a sleeve) but the section 3b may also be made in sections (see dotted lines in Fig. 7) to facilitate assembly.

Of the driving means 4, 48 indicates a motor, preferably of the electric type, mount ed on the top 3". rlhe shaft 48a of the mot-or extends into an auxiliary casing 49 and within the latter it supports a pinion 50 in mesh with a gear 51; The gear 51 is preferably supported on roller bearings 52 surrounding a shaft 53. The opposite ends of the shaft 53 are mounted in the side walls of the casing 49. The top 33 extends beyond the rear wall of the casing section 3b to support the auxilvided on the rear and front walls, respectively, of the casing section 3", the rear end y of the shaft being extended to support the gear 55. 58, 59, indicate gea-rs keyed to the shaft 56, the formerineshing with a gear keyed to the sleeve shaft 47 and the latter meshing with a gear 6l keyed to a countershaft 62. The shaft 62 is mounted in suitable bearings (for example, within hollow bosses) carried by the front and rear walls of the section 3b. shaft 62 and meshing with a gear 64 keyed to the shaft 46 at a point beyond the sleeve shaft 47 (see Fig. 6). The shafts 47, 48, are supported by a plurality of bearings (preferably three) designated 65, 66, 67 the bearing 66 being interposed between the gears 64, 60, and the bearings 65, 67, being disposed at the outer sides of the gears 64, 60, respectively. The bearings 65, 66, 67, are supported on suitable webs or bars a, 66a, 67a, respectively, and held in place thereon by caps 68. As shown in Fig. 6, the outer wall of each bearingl is formed with an annular groove which foi-nis a seat for the adjacent supporting bar, and

the side walls of these grooves prevent lateral s `move1nent of the bearings in their supports,

so that by disposing the gears 64, 60, against these bearings all tendency to move laterally or to move the shafts, to which they are keyed, endwise is overcome. will be noted that the gear 64 bears at one side against the bearing 65 and at its opposite side it bears against the outer end of the sleeve shaft 47 so that this bearing serves to prevent endwise movement of this shaft outfc wardly. Endwise outward movement of the shaft 46 and also the shaft 47 is prevented by the co-action of certain ofthe elements constituting the driving connections 70, 7l, the former between the shaft 47 and the outer agitating member 20b and the latter between the shaft 46 and the inner agitating member 20a. Each driving connection preferably comprises male and female members each of the latter being connected to the adjacent shaft. At its outer end, the shaft 46 is threaded to take a nut 69, which acts through a washer 69n to engage the bearing 65 to prevent endwise movement of the shaftinwardly.

Of the driving connection 70, 72 indicates a hollow member secured at its inner end by screw threads or other means, to a. reduced portion of the sleeve shaft 47 and disposed in bearing relation against the bearing 67. The inner wall of the member 72 is thickened to form a shoulder 73 and the shaftv47 extends inwardly so that its inner end is in line with the shoulder 73. The purpose of the shoulder 73 will later appear. At its outer end the member 72 is flanged at 72, which 63 indicates a gear keyed tothe Further, it

forms a seat. for the female clutch or connection element 73 `the `opening through which is irregular or of polygonal shape (for example square) toreceive the similarly shaped male connection element 74 on the free end'of the sleeve shaft 30. Of the driving connection 71, 75 indicates a hollow member havingan irregular or polygonal opening 7 5A through itand telescoped on the -inner end of-the'shaft 48, which end is-reduced and complementary shaped to fit into such opening. The member 75is secured to the shaft end by a tapered in 76. The shaft end extends approximateyhalf way into the opening 7 5, so that the outer portion thereof may receive the correspondingly shaped male connection element 77'provided on the free endrof the shaft section 19. 78 indicatesacollar Adisposed on the shaft 46 between the inner end of the hollovs7 member 75 and the inner end ofthe shaft 47 nndshoulder 73, and serving to prevent inward movement of theshaft 47 and outward movement of the shaft 46. As shown in Fig. 6, the outer wall ofthe casing `3 is formed with an opening in alignment with the shaft 46 to permit of access to the nut 69 for adjustment and other purposes, this opening being closed vby a removable cap 79. By preference, I provide a supplementalcasing 80vwhich encloses the gear 55 and co-operates with the section 3 and casing 49 to protect thegears 50 andy 51. The casing 80 is formed with openings 80", 80". having suitable covers to permit access to the gear and cap 79. 30 inditesfa gland between the sleeve shaft 30 and the shaft' section 19, the shaft 30 being formed with an annularspace 30b to accommodate the gland. At its outer portion, the wall forming the space 30b is threaded to removably support a ringl 30, which forms an abutment for a spring 30 normally tending to compress the gland and thus prevent leakage of the material outwardly from the cylinder 7 and the lubricant inwardly.

It will be noted that the driving means from the motor 48 to the driven shafts 46, 47, consists entirely of gears, thepurpose being to simplify the driv-ingfmeans, to provide adequate gear reduction, to provide a driving means-which requires less power or with the same power may effect/operation of the agitating mechanism on larger batches of material,.to eliminate wear and repairs and thus insure durability, to provide greater sanitary conditions and at the same time secure adequate lubrication and to provide for different rates of-rotation of theagitating members, one with respect to the other, in a ready manner, by the interchangeof one or more of the' gears. Furthermore,` by the use of herringbone gears,l which I. prefer to use, the same being shown in Figs. 6 and 7, I secure smoothness and uniformity of drive, less noise in operation and. longer: life. Where the feezerfis capable of handling 150 to 250 quarts or more of material in a single operation, these manifold advantages will be more apparent.

As shown in Fig. 7, the gear ratios from the shaft 56 to the shafts 46, 47, through the gear trains 59-61-68-64 and 58 60, respectively, are such that the shaft- 46 and hence the inner agitating member 20 are driven at a faster rate than the shaft 47 and outer agitating member 20h, so that the material in or flowing into the central portion of the cylinder 6 and remote from the refrigerated wall, during the freezing operation is maintained in a rapid circulation outwardly as well as endwise` of the cylinder thereby ei'ecting rapid mixing of the materials and uniform freezing of their entire mass. lVhere the freezing cylinder has a relatively large diameter, the rapid rotation of the inner member will serve to maintain flow of the material outwardly toward the wall of the freezing cylinder and in the path of movement of the elements constituting the outer agitating member.

As will be understood from Figs. 6 and 7. the casing 3 is shaped and constructed to hold avquantity of oil or other lubricant for the gears which drive the shafts 46, 47. As these shafts or elements of the driving connections 70, 71, extend through an opening 81 in the inner side walls of the casing, l provide ineansindicated as an entirety at 82, for preventing the flow or leakage of the lubricant onto or along the shafts 19, 30. and into the freezing cylinder 7. Of these means,v 83 indicates an annular wall surrounding the connection elements 72, 73, 75. which yextend through the opening 8l. At its inner end the wall 83 is provided with a flange 83a Vwhich may be secured by cap screws to the adjacent side wall of the casing 3. At its outer end, the wall 83 curves or extends inwardly around the flanges ofI thi` elements 72, 73, as shown at 83", and terminates relatively close to the outer side wall of the latter element, thus forming an opening for the element 7 3 and shafts 19, 30, such opening preferably being circular so that the space between the wallf83" and element 73 may be of minimum width so as to prevent the escape of7 any lubricant therethrough. It will bc noted that the element 72 is provided with an outwardly extending flange 72a and the wall S3" is bent inwardly relative to its free edge. By thisarrangement the lubricant escaping along the outer wall of the element 72 is arrested by the flange 7 2*'and thrown voutwardly against the wall 83 and if. any flows beyond the flange 7 2, the inturnedwall 83" will direct it downwardly; the lubricant'collected by the walls 83, S3", may'flow downwardly to the bottom portion of the wall 83 and be discharged through anopening thereinvinto a trap 84. To arrest any lubricantescaping aloi-ig they clement 75, I provide the element 7 3 with an inwardly extending wall 85, which preferably extends beyond the outer surface of the element 75, the lubricant arrested by the wall S5 or thrown outwardly by the wall 75 being permitted to iiow through openings 86 formed in the element 72 against the wall 63 from which it flows to the trap 64. The escape opening in the lower portion of the wall 63 is provided with a neck 67 into which removably lits the open end of a cup, which constitutes the trap 64, it being secured therein by a suitable thumb-screw 68. 64 indicates a collar or ring fixed to the connection member 72 within the casing 3 but closely adjacent to the inner side wall and provided with a flange 84b which projects radially beyond the walls of the opening 81 to prevent flow of the lubricant therethrough.

In Figs. S and 9, I have shown a modified form of gearing for driving the shafts 46',

47, adapted to be connected respectively to the inner member 202L and outer member b of the agitating mechanism. Referring to these views, 3 indicates the gear casing the inner side wall of which is provided with aligned hollow bosses 3f, 6b', which support the shafts 46', 47', roller bearings 89 being interposed between the shafts and between the latter shaft and the bosses to reduce the friction. At its outer end, the shaft 46 has keyed to it a spur gear 90 and the outer or adjacent end of the shaft 47 has keyed to it a spider 91 carrying in Vits rimportion 91n an internal gear 92 disposed in the plane of the gear 90. 56 indicates the countershaft, mounted in bearings 93a supported in a cylindrical member 94. The member 94 is provided with a fiange 943L which, by means of cap screws, is secured to the outer side wall of the casing 3. At its inner end, the shaft 56 removably carries a pinion 95 which meshes withthe gears 90, 92, andV hence through them and the shafts 46, 47', drives the agitating members in opposite directions.

its shown, the shaft 46 is driven at a faster rate than the shaft 47. By removing thegear 90, spider 91, pinion 95 and substituting` gear elements of different sizes, the speed rates of these shafts may be changed.

In Figs. 10 and 11 I have shown a further modified form of gearing for driving the shafts 46", 47", adapted to be connected to the inner and outer members 20, 20h, of the agitating mechanism. Referring to these views, 3" indicates the gear casing comprising upper and lower sections 96, 97, adapted to be secured together along their opposite sides. The lower section 97 is provided with trans lverse elements 97a which support the bear` ings 66", 67", such bearings being held in position by caps 98.

In this form of construction, the shaft 46" is extended through the outer wall of the cas- V ing 3" and has keyed to it the driven gear 55".

`the shaft 56".

99 indicates a bevel gear fixed to the shaft 46" and meshing with a bevel gear 100 fixed to a transverse shaft 101. 'Ihe shaft 101 is supported at its ends in bearings 101, 1011.` carried respectively by the side wall of the casing 3" and an intermediate transverse ele ment 97, 102 indicates a bevel gear fixed to the shaft 101 and meshing with a bevel gear 103 fixed to the sleeve shaft 47". As will be understood from the foregoing description, the gear train between the shafts 46", 47", serves to drive the latter in a direction opposite to that of the shaft 46"; furthermore. since the ratio of the gears 102, 103 is such that the rate of speed of the latter is reduced and that of the gears 99, 100, is substantially the same, the inner agitating member 202L is driven at a faster rate than the outer member 20". By changing the gears, a different ratio may be effected.

In Figs. 14 and 15 I have shown a further modified form of gearing, wherein I employ worm gears for driving the shafts 46". 47"',

which are adapted to be connected to the inner and outer members 20a, 20", of the agitating mechanism within the freezing cylinder. In these views, 48" indicates the motor the shaft of which carries a suitable sprocket 104 for a chain 105, preferably of the silent link type. 56", 56", indicate counter-shafts mounted insuitable bearings provided in the side walls of the casing 3", one of said shafts (for example, that designated 56") carrying a sprocket 105 for the chain 105 whereby said shaft is driven. 106, 1065*, indicate gears preferably of the spur type and similar in size, fixed to the shafts 56", 56", and meshing with each other, whereby the other shaft (56") is driven in a direction opposite to 107, 1072 indicate worms, fixed to the shafts 56", 56", respectively, and meshing with worm gears 108, 1085, respectively fixed to the shafts 47"', 46", respectively, whereby the latter are driven in opposite directions to effect a corresponding movement to the inner and outer agitating members within the freezing cylinder. It will be noted that the speed ratio of the shafts 46"', 47" may be affected to drive the inner member faster than the outer member in various ways, for example by varying the pitch of the worm teeth between the worm 107 and gear 108 or between the worm 1071 and gear 1083.

In each of the modified forms of construction above referred to, it will be noted that the shafts 46a-47a, 46"-47" and 46"--47", are provided with clutch elements similar to those provided on the shafts 46, 47, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, to effect driving connections with the inner and outer agitating members 20a, 20, and in each form of construction I provide means for collecting and trapping theescaping oil or lubricant. k

Where the freezing; casing is relatively large, I prefer to provide a hoist means, indicated as an entirety at 109 (see Fig. 5) for lifting and supporting the front head when it is removed to permit access to the interior of the c .linder 7 and removal of the agitatin mec anism. Of the hoist means 109, 110 indicates a bracket fixed to the support 1 near its front end. At its outer end the bracket is formed with an opening 110a to rotatably support the lower end of a boom 111, a collar 111 being provided on the latter to engage the bracket. The upper end of the boom 111 is curved laterally so that its free end may be dis osed above and substantially in line with t e axis of the cylinder 7 when the boom is swung around to its operating positionsee dotted lines in Fig. 5. The free end of the boom 111 is provided Wit-h a boss 112, formed with a threaded opening 112, in which is mounted a screw threaded rod 113, carrying a crank or handle 114 at its upper end. At its lower end, the rod 113 cari-ies a collar 115, which is preferably rotatably connected thereto, and said collar is provided with a pivoted hook 116 adapted to engage a bail 117 pivoted on the upper end of the inlet 16. By engaging the hook 116 with the bail and operating the bolts to disconnect the head 10 from the ring 9 and then operatingr the rod 113 to raise the head, the boom 111 may be operated to the position shown in Fig. 5.

In o ration, the driving means are set in operation to rotate the agitating members 20', and the refrigerant admitted to the brine Way 36a. Then the material to be frozen, preferably a predetermined quantity, is allowed to How from the batch tank into the cylinder, where agitation and freezing takes place. When the mass has reached the dgsired consistency and svvelh the valve 13 is o ened and the ejecting elements 21 serve to orce the material rapidly through the opening 12. In the form of agitating mechanism shown, the elements 21 serve to move the material endwise of the cylinder in one direction-outWardly-whereas the scrapei's tend to move it around the axis of the cylinder and direct it inwardly; and the inner agitating member tends to move the material endwise of the cylinder (preferably in an opposite directioninwardly) and also around the axis of the cylinder and substantially radially toward the cylinder wall. The inward, endwise movement is eected by the paddles or blades 22, Whereas the circular and radialmovement isel'ected by the elements 24. 25. The elements 24, 25, are preferably disposed atpoints intermediate the paddles 22 on opposite sides of the shaft 19 and the latter elements are positioned to move in a path beyond the outer'ends of the paddle 22, but preferabl in close relationship to' the inner edges of he Scrapers 96,56V that portions of the material be forced outwardly continuously at all `pointe around lthe cylinder ,themselves without departing from si wall to replace that which is scraped therefrom by the Scrapers. As a result, the temperature of the entire mass of material is quickly and uniformly reduced and the materials agitated and beatened to the desired degree.

It Will be noted that in my construction of driving means for the inner and outer agitating men'ibers, I .so arrange the driven shafts that their inner endsl entend beyond and to a point outside the casing for such means, whereby the connections ot the driven shafts with these members, through and by means of the shafts 19, 30, are cntsizie the casing. Accordingly, as these shafts do not extend Yitliin the casthe tree ends o't the .shafts 19C, $39, do not come in contact With the oil o1.' other lubricant placed there- Within to lubric the drivin" means. This arrangement if; olf great adientage for the reason that frequently the agitatinp; mechanism 20 has to be reini'ivcd 'from the'cyliiidcr 'I' for sharpening the s ,pers 2G or for other repairs; and it the sl att ends projected into the casing' il, 'th xjf would, upon their removal. be covered i li lubricant and great care would have to be exercised to clean them, the cylinder (S and opening 2T before replacement ol the mec anism 20. It Will also be noted that any lubricant that flows through the opening S1, is collected in the chamber formed by the will 83 and liovvs into the trap 84, and any lubricant that leaks through on the clutch or connecting elements 75, 72, is thrown outward into this chamber and any liibricant'ivliich tiovvs around the flanges 72", 73, is detlected by the wall downwardly and collected in the trap. It will also be seen that in my torni oi' construction the clutches between the agitating men'ibei'sI 20, 20h` and the shaft the freez cf'lindci 7 and ont-side ot' the chamber ci' i "ng euch 'ing the driving means 4;. This arrangenientnot only sinnplilies the operations of disconnecting these members when they are to be removed from the cylinder and reconnecting then). since among other reasons, the shaft ends are shorter, but it also tends 'to iedncc any possible leakage et the lubricant along the .shafts for these ineinlieis into the cylinder and permits the provision oi" adequate menney 'lor collecting that po. n oi2 thi` lube; that ninv leal-I 'from the c: ig 5l. .l

To those skilled in the art to which my invention relates many changes in construction and widely differing embodiments i applications oit the invention will si and scope thereof. descriptions and `the disclosure herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting.

What I claim is: f 1. In apparatus of the class described, the

All, 17. ier-zpectivcly, are outside of combination with a support, of a cj-,f'linder on said support, a pair of inner and outer members rotatably mounted within said cylin der and provided with shafts projecting through the inner head thereof, a casing on said support, a pair of concentric shafts mounted within said casing, clutch elements projecting through one wall of said casing for detachable connection with the shafts of said members, respectively, gearing within said casing for driving said concentric shafts in opposite directions, means for driving said gearing, and a lubricant collecting wall surrounding said clutch elements.

2. An apparatus claimed in claim l in which the outer clutch element carries a lubricant collecting device within said casing in operative relation to Vthe opening therein through which the clutch elements extend.

3. Inapparatus of the class described, the combination of a pair of rotatable members having concentric shafts to which they are connected, a casing, a drive means within said casing and including a pair of concentric driven elements corresponding ends of which project through and beyond the inner wall of said casing and carry at their free ends connecting elements with which the free ends of said shafts are detachably connected, a lubricant collecting wall surrounding the con nected ends of said driven elements an d shafts, and a gland interposed between said shafts,

l. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a support, of a cylinder mounted on said support, inner and outer members rotatable within said cylinder and having concentric shafts extending through one head of said cylinder, a casing on said support, a pair of driven shafts in concentric relation mounted within said casing, driving connections.eXteriorly of said cylinder and said casing and between said shafts and the corresponding shafts connected to said members, lubricant collecting means operatively associated with said driving connections, a motor and driving means including gearing connected to said driven shafts for driving them in opposite directions.

5. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a support, of a cylinder mounted. on said support, inner and outer members rotatable within said cylinder and having concentric shafts extending through one head of said cylinder, a casing on said support, a pair of driven shafts in concentric relation mounted within said casing, driving connections exteriorly of said cylinder and said casing and between said shafts and the corresponding shafts connected to said members, said driving connections having ele ments extending through the inner side wall of the casing, a trap for lubricant operatively associated with said elements, a motor and driving means including gearing connected to said driven shafts for driving them in opposite directions.

6. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a support, of a cylinder mounted on said support, inner and outer members rotatable within said cylinder and having concentric shafts extending through one head of said cylinder, a casing on said support, a pair of driven shafts in concentric relation mounted Within said casing, driving connections exteriorly of said cylinder and said casing and between said shafts and corresponding shafts connected to said members, the connection element for the outer driven shaft being provided with a flange near its outer portion, a wall surrounding said element, a motor and driving means connected to said driven shafts.

7. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a support, of a cylinder mounted on said support, inner and outer members rotatable within said cylinder and having Vconcentric shafts extending through one head of said cylinder, a casing on said support, a pair of driven shafts in concentric relation mounted within said casing, driving connections exteriorly of said cylinder and said casing and between said shafts and corresponding shafts connected to said meinbers, the connection element for the outer driven shaft being provided with a flange near its outer portion, a wall surrounding the element and extending inwardly beyond the periphery of the flange, a motor and driving means connected to said driven shafts.

8. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a support, of a cylinder mounted on said support, inner and outer members rotatable within said cylinder and having concentric shafts extending through one head of said cylinder, a casing on said support, a pair of driven shafts in concentric relation mounted within said casing, driving connections exteriorly of said cylinder and said easing and between said shafts and cor responding shafts connected to said meinbers, the connection element for the outer driven shaft being provided near its outer portion with an outwardly extending flange and a wall extending inwardly beyond the periphery of the connection element for the inner driven shaft and a wall surrounding the first mentioned connection element, a motor and driving means connected to said driven shafts.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.

LEROY S. PFOUTS.

lli) 

